The vigorous development of digital ophthalmology technology has penetrated into all fields of ophthalmology and brought about major changes. This paper summarizes the research and development of leading-edge technology in ophthalmology, focusing on the breakthroughs and achievements of various technologies, focusing on the domestic but also looking at the world, and elucidating the status quo and achievements of global advanced ophthalmology technologies in recent years. For example, artificial intelligence can be applied to the accurate monitoring of many diseases, the efficient evaluation of high-incidence diseases, and the technical support of telemedicine, etc., which improves the accuracy and efficiency of screening, diagnosis, treatment and other links, reduces the burden of doctors, and shows great application potential; Other technologies such as digital imaging technology have also made leaps and bounds in surgical navigation and imaging diagnosis. 3D modeling and new machine learning technologies have contributed to surgical design and improved surgical success, providing more efficient and convenient services to patients with eye diseases around the world. In addition, digital ophthalmology technology also shows a diversified development trend, and multi-disciplinary communication, cross-use, collision of different sparks. Although many cutting-edge ophthalmic technologies are still in the initial stage of development, there is still a certain distance from the implementation of high coverage, and there are still many uncertainties in the accuracy and interpretability of algorithms, medical ethics, public acceptance, medical disputes, clinical technical challenges and other issues. But there is no doubt that with the increasing improvement of medical level, the above technology will be continuously improved and popularized.
To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) in the treatment of advanced glaucoma, particularly in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP), and reducing eye pain. Method: 14 patients (14 eyes) diagnosed with advanced glaucoma in our hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected and underwent UCP procedures. IOP, pain grade scores and visual acuity after surgery were followed up. Result: the average IOP were statistically reduced (p<0.05) before and after surgery (43.7 ± 8.5 before surgery, 25.3 ± 8.2, 21.3 ± 9.6, 21.8 ± 8.7, 22.6 ± 7.3, 24.9 ± 7.1, 27.2 ± 6.2 at 1week, 1, 3, 6, 12, 36 years after surgery), with a decrease of over 30%. However, the IOP increased with the time. one eye's vision decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 due to cataract after surgery. The patient's pain was significantly reduced after surgery. Conclusion: UCP is safe and convenient surgery for delayed glaucoma, and has significant effect on reducing IOP, alleviating ocular pain.
Myopia, as one of the most common eye diseases, has seen a sharp rise in prevalence in recent years. The global number of myopia cases has reached 2 billion, and it is estimated to affect 50% of the global population by 2050. Proximal factors, intermediate factors, and distal factors collectively influence the onset of myopia, leading to significant differences in myopia prevalence across different regions and age groups. High-income countries in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region have the highest prevalence of myopia, especially among adolescents. Treatment technologies for myopia include visual optical interventions, refractive surgeries, drug therapies, etc., providing diverse treatment options for myopia patients to help slow down its progression and improve vision problems. However, each treatment method has its limitations and risks, requiring careful selection and evaluation in clinical practice.
Lamellar macular hole associated preretinal hyperplasia membrane (LHEP) is considered to be the repair process of retinal tissue damage after the formation of lamellar macular hole (LMH). LMH with LHEP usually shows a non-progressive and stable state, but after long-term clinical follow-up, a few LMH develop to full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). It has been found that in the months or years before the formation of LMH, the contractile epiretinal membrane (ERM) and / or partially detached posterior vitreous body, or Cystoid macular edema (CME), lead to traction deformation of the macular fovea, and the central fovea results in structural destruction of the fovea or the formation of FTMH after traction stretching or cystic edema. The central concave configuration of LMH can be reconstructed spontaneously after transient attacks of CME and small FTMH. Therefore, traction ERM or incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in the formation of degenerative LMH may initially cause interlamellar damage of the retina, followed by the formation of LHEP,LHEP to help LMH maintain a long-term stable state. Whether vitreoretinal surgery is beneficial to both traction and degenerative subtypes is controversial. Some studies reported that visual acuity improved after treatment for both subtypes, while others described poor surgical results for degenerative LMH. The analysis of the visual and anatomical results of flat part vitrectomy for degenerative and tractive LMHs shows that the postoperative visual results are similar. This finding has important clinical significance and can prove that surgical treatment can also be performed in degenerative subtypes. However, the incidence of FTMH after degenerative LMH is still higher than that of traction LMH. Therefore, before surgical treatment of LMH, we should evaluate the type of LMH, evaluate the status of LHEP and traction ERM and vitreous body combined with OCT follow-up results, judge the stability of LMH, and carry out surgical intervention at an appropriate time, which may lead to better visual acuity.
Abstract: Visual function training is a non-surgical, personalized, and systematic physical therapy for visual impairments and visually related neurological abnormalities. This article reports a 7-year-old male patient with visual impairment who experienced reading difficulties, blurred vision, and blurred vision for more than 2 months. The final diagnosis was visual dysfunction, and the patient underwent continuous visual function training for three months. Currently, the patient's clinical symptoms have disappeared.
Abstract: Visual function training is a non-surgical, personalized, and systematic physical therapy for visual impairments and visually related neurological abnormalities. This article reports a 7-year-old male patient with visual impairment who experienced reading difficulties, blurred vision, and blurred vision for more than 2 months. The final diagnosis was visual dysfunction, and the patient underwent continuous visual function training for three months. Currently, the patient's clinical symptoms have disappeared.
Aims: To analyze the characteristics and trends of non-tumor-related eye removal in Southern China from 2009 to 2018. Methods: Inpatient data from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were examined to identify trends and characteristics of non-tumorous enucleation/evisceration. The Chi-square test assessed differences in age, gender, and etiology, while linear regression analyzed the significance of trends from 2009 to 2018 across subgroups. The nonquadratic Mann-Kendall test evaluated the trends in etiology and types of ocular injuries. Results: A total of 1824 patients (mean age 28 years, SD 19.2) underwent non-tumor-related eye removal during the study period. The majority were male (73.1%), with ocular trauma (72.3%) and corneal perforation (7.7%) being the leading causes. Work-related injuries accounted for 30.5% of ocular trauma, showing a moderate increase over the decade. However, no statistically significant trends were observed in the etiology or specific causes of ocular trauma. Conclusions: The rates of non-tumorous eye removal remained stable from 2009 to 2018. Ocular trauma was the predominant non-tumorous cause of enucleation or evisceration in Southern China. Translational Relevance: The findings highlight the need for preventive measures against work-related injuries leading to enucleation and the importance of rigorous childcare to mitigate the risk of eye removal due to trauma.
Aims: To establish and evaluate predictive models for glaucoma-related adverse events (GRAEs) following secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in paediatric eyes. Methods：205 children (356 aphakic eyes) receiving secondary IOL implantation at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with a 3-year follow-up were enrolled. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors of GRAEs and developed nomograms. Model performance was evaluated with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves and validated internally through C-statistics and calibration plot of the bootstrap samples. Results: Older age at secondary IOL implantation (HR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.19), transient intraocular hypertension (HR=9.06, 95% CI: 2.97 to 27.67) and ciliary sulcus implantation (HR=14.55, 95% CI: 2.11 to 100.57) were identified as risk factors for GRAEs (all p<0.05). Two nomograms were established. At postoperatively 1, 2 and 3 years, model 1 achieved area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.747 (95% CI: 0.776 to 0.935), 0.765 (95% CI: 0.804 to 0.936) and 0.748 (95% CI: 0.736 to 0.918), and the AUCs of model 2 were 0.881 (95% CI: 0.836 to 0.926), 0.895 (95% CI: 0.852 to 0.938) and 0.848 (95% CI: 0.752 to 0.945). Both models demonstrated fine clinical net benefit and performance in the interval validation. The Kaplan-Meier curves showing two distinct risk groups were well discriminated and robust in both models. An online risk calculator was constructed. Conclusion: Two nomograms could sensitively and accurately identify children at high risk of GRAEs after secondary IOL implantation to help early identification and timely intervention.
