Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/ C,rs376158)genes in patients with dust mite-induced allergic conjunctivitis from Guangdong province and to explore the association between these genes and the susceptibility to dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: In total, 80 patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and 103 healthy Han Chinese were enrolled in the study and received genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/C, rs376158) by PCR-SSP technique.

Results: Genotype frequency of Foxp3-3279 AA, CA, and CC in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 1.25%, 25.00% and 73.75%, respectively. Gene frequency of C and A in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 86.25% and 13.75% with no significant difference from healthy counterparts (both P>0.05).

Conclusion: Foxp3-3279 polymorphisms did not significantly differ between patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and healthy controls, implying that this genetic locus is probably not an independent risk factor of the underlying pathogenesis of dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/ C,rs376158)genes in patients with dust mite-induced allergic conjunctivitis from Guangdong province and to explore the association between these genes and the susceptibility to dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: In total, 80 patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and 103 healthy Han Chinese were enrolled in the study and received genotyping of Foxp3-3279(A/C, rs376158) by PCR-SSP technique.

Results: Genotype frequency of Foxp3-3279 AA, CA, and CC in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 1.25%, 25.00% and 73.75%, respectively. Gene frequency of C and A in patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis were 86.25% and 13.75% with no significant difference from healthy counterparts (both P>0.05).

Conclusion: Foxp3-3279 polymorphisms did not significantly differ between patients with dust mite allergic conjunctivitis and healthy controls, implying that this genetic locus is probably not an independent risk factor of the underlying pathogenesis of dust mite allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To observe the efficacy of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling combined with phacoemul, sification with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in the treat, ment of cataract with co-existing macular diseases.
Methods: A total of 28 cataract patients (28 eyes) with co, existing macular diseases were admitted to Aier Eye Hospital between May 2008 and May 2011. The clinical characteristics were analyzed in this study.  Subjects included 6 men and 22 women, aged from 56 to 77 years(mean 64 years), with du, ration of disease ranging from 2 to 36 months (mean 9. 3 months). All patients underwent phacoemulsification with im, plantation of a hydrophobic acrylic IOL into the capsular bag and pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling.
Results: Postoperatively, patients underwent 3-to 18-months of follow-up(mean 7. 2 months). Only one eye had macular hole failing to close. Normal macular structure was restored in the other 27 eyes. The presenting visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) did not differ significantly (t=-1. 724, P=0. 096), with the BCVA in 27 eyes(96. 4% ) improving by 2 lines or more. The improvement in minimum angle of resolution(MAR)was >0. 3 in 21 eyes, ≥0. 1 in 6 eyes and<0. 1 in I eye.  The mean spherical equivalent(SE) was -4. 67±5. 98D preoperatively and -0. 38±0. 69D postopera, tively(t=4. 157, P<0. 005).
Conclusion: Combined phacovitrectomy surgery is a reliable and safe procedure in the treatment of cataract complicated by macular disease (Eye Science 2012;27:25-29)

Purpose: To observe the efficacy of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling combined with phacoemul, sification with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in the treat, ment of cataract with co-existing macular diseases.
Methods: A total of 28 cataract patients (28 eyes) with co, existing macular diseases were admitted to Aier Eye Hospital between May 2008 and May 2011. The clinical characteristics were analyzed in this study.  Subjects included 6 men and 22 women, aged from 56 to 77 years(mean 64 years), with du, ration of disease ranging from 2 to 36 months (mean 9. 3 months). All patients underwent phacoemulsification with im, plantation of a hydrophobic acrylic IOL into the capsular bag and pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling.
Results: Postoperatively, patients underwent 3-to 18-months of follow-up(mean 7. 2 months). Only one eye had macular hole failing to close. Normal macular structure was restored in the other 27 eyes. The presenting visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) did not differ significantly (t=-1. 724, P=0. 096), with the BCVA in 27 eyes(96. 4% ) improving by 2 lines or more. The improvement in minimum angle of resolution(MAR)was >0. 3 in 21 eyes, ≥0. 1 in 6 eyes and<0. 1 in I eye.  The mean spherical equivalent(SE) was -4. 67±5. 98D preoperatively and -0. 38±0. 69D postopera, tively(t=4. 157, P<0. 005).
Conclusion: Combined phacovitrectomy surgery is a reliable and safe procedure in the treatment of cataract complicated by macular disease (Eye Science 2012;27:25-29)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis inpatients,especially secondary to surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 65 consecutive patients with acquired ptosis were reviewed from an eye center and a comprehensive hospital. Potential factors responsible for acquired ptosis were investigated.Surgical management principles and post-operative exposure keratitis are discussed.

Results: The top three causes of acquired ptosis were post- surgical ptosis(20/65, 30.8%), traumatic ptosis(17/65, 26.2%)and senile aponeurotic ptosis(12/65, 18.5%). Twenty patients had post-surgical ptosis secondary to orbital surgery (8/20, 40.0%), enucleation and hydroxyapatite(HA) artificial eye implantation(4/20, 20%), eyelid surgery(3/20, 15%), cataract or glaucoma surgery(2/20, 10%), conjunctive surgery(2/20, 10%) and superior oblique muscle surgery (1/20, 5%). The levator palpebrae superioris(LPS) muscle of ten eyes(10/20, 50%) was found during exploration and reattached to the tarsal plate, with shortening ofthe LPS. Nine eyes(9/20, 45%) underwent a frontalis suspension(FS) operation because the LPS muscle was missing.One(1/20, 5%) patient was not operated on due to a poor Bell's phenomenon. Two patients(2/65, 3.1%)—one patient with post-surgical ptosis and another with aponeurotic ptosis—developed expsure keratitis after ptosis correction.

Conclusion: Post-surgical ptosis is one of the most common causes of acquired ptosis. It is important to explore LPS muscle during surgery. LPS reattachment is performed if the muscle is found; otherwise, a FS operation is chosen. Exposure keratitis after correction should be monitored.(Eye Science 2013; 28: 134-139)

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the changes in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal maximal vessel diameter (MVD) of the affected and unaffected fellow eyes  in  patients  with  polypoidal  choroidal  vasculopathy (PCV) and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods : In this cross-sectional observational clinical study, SFCT and MVD were measured in both eyes  of 53 patients with unilateral PCV. PCV eyes were subgrouped into group A and unaffected fellow eyes into group B. All patients were diagnosed with PCV by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Sixty age- and gender- matched healthy  subjects were enrolled in the control group (group C).

Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups in age and gender. Overall, SFCT was correlated with MVD in all subjects (P<0.001; correlation  coefficient: 0.759).  P values were<0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.686, 0.801, and 0.808 in groups A, B, and C,  respectively.  No statistical  significance  was  noted  in SFCT among groups A (266.45±99.51 μm), B (269.57 ± 105.10 μm), and C (243.83±99.68 μm) (P=0.335). However, the MVD in group A was (202.55±72.45 μm), significantly larger than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm,P=0.008), while  the  MVD  in  group  B (194.75±85.27 μm) was equally significantly greater than that in group C (166.45±56.18 μm)(P=0.038).

Conclusion: For both PCV patients and healthy subjects, SFCT was positively correlated with MVD. No statistical sig  nificance was noted in SFCT between PCV eyes and unaffected fellow/normal eyes. However, MVD was significantly larger in the PCV affected eyes than in unaffected fellow or normal control eyes, suggesting that MVD could be considered as a  sensitive  indicator  to  evaluate  choroidal  perfusion  in  PCV patients.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES).

Methods: Six patients diagnosed with AIBSES underwent complete eye examinations including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field examinations.

Results: All patients had enlarged blind spots of variable sizes and densities. Three eyes had mild swelling of the optic disc and one eye had peripapillary scarring that corresponded to the permanent field defect. Two patients who underwent FFA had fluorescein leakage of blood vessels around the optic disc and ICGA highlighted diffuse, small hypofluorescent spots scattering throughout the posterior pole. OCT showed that the inner and outer segment (IS/OS) line were absent in five patients and the middle cone outer segment tip line was absent in the nasal macular area in one eye.

Conclusion: AIBSES is a rare outer retinopathy. Visual field examination and OCT are the most important means of detection. ICGA and FAF can determine the range of lesions earlier,and the progress of the disease should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268±0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the consistency between preoperatively estimated and postoperatively measured total spherical aberration and to evaluate the feasibility of personalized selection of an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) based on the corneal spherical aberration measured by the Scheimpflug photography system (Pentacam).

Methods: A total of 47 patients(82 eyes) with age-related cataract received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Corneal spherical aberration was measured by using the Scheimpflug photography system. Patients with corneal spherical aberration ≤0.3 μm were implanted with a zero-spherical aberration advanced optics(AO) aspherical intraocular lens and those with corneal spherical aberration >0.3 μm received a Tecnis ZA9003 aspherical lens(-0.27 μm spherical aberration). Preoperative total remnant spherical aberration was estimated and actual total spherical aberration was measured 3 months postoperatively. The consistency between preoperative and postoperative spherical aberration was analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis, and Blant-Altman plots.

Results: The estimated and measured values of total spherical aberration were (0.189±0.151) μm and (0.141±0.131) μm, with a statistical difference(t=5.347, P<0.01). For 45 eyes implanted with AO lenses, preoperatively estimated and post-operatively measured total spherical aberration were (0.268± 0.137) μm and (0.214±0.103) μm. For 37 eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, preoperative estimate of total spherical aberration was (0.092±0.103) μm and postoperative measured value was (0.054±0.106) μm. Statistical significance was noted, as was a positive linear correlation between preoperative and postoperative values(y=0.846, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed high consistency between the estimated and measured spherical aberration.

Conclusion: The estimated total spherical aberration measured preoperatively differed from the value measured postoperatively, but the two values showed good agreement. It is clinically feasible to conduct personalized selection of aspherical IOL based on Scheimpflug photography system(Pentacam) to measure corneal spherical aberration. (Eye Science 2013; 28: 129-133)

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.
Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for severe ocular surface burns.

Methods: A retrospective observational case series. From october 2005 to May 2011, 19 eyes of l9 patients with grade IV to VI ocular surface burns (dua classification) were treated by autologous transplantation of corneal stem cells cultivated on a fibrin gel membrane, with a mean follow-up of 16. 2 months (range 12-36 months) postoperative corneal surface stability, visual acuity (VA), corneal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated.
Results: No corneal perforation occurred and the entire corneal surface was free from epithelial defects in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, visual acuity in 17 eyes was improved after surgery, with 6 eyes achieving a VA of 20/100 or better. The corneal vascularization was obviously reduced in 17 (89.5%) eyes. The corneal opacity was also improved in 12 (63. 2%) eyes. All donor eyes remained healthy.
Conclusion: Tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation can promote rapid reepithelialization of the ocular surface, inhibit corneal neovascularization, and improve vision for patients with severe ocular surface burns.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Purpose: The disinfection effectiveness of 5% anerdian Ⅲ, 0.016% gentamicin, and 0.5% tobramycin solutions in presurgical irrigation of conjunctival sac were compared.

Methods: A total of 295 cataract patients (302 eyes) who had undergone phacoemulsification aspiration combined with intraocular lens insertion (IOL) were recruited in this prospective study. Operative eyes were given 0.3% levofloxacin eye drops for 3 d and then were randomized into three treatment groups, anerdian (A), gentamicin (B) and tobramycin (C). The patients received conjunctival sac irrigation using the respective solutions at 10 min preoperatively. conjunctival sac sampling was performed before and after irrigation and the samples were used for subsequent bacterial culture and swab tests. The positive rate was used as the main parameter.

Results: Positive rates of bacterial culture before conjunctival sac irrigation: the positive rate was 17.31% (18 eyes) in group A, 13.86% (14 eyes) in group B and 17.3% (14 eyes) in group C. Post irrigation, the positive rates in the three groups decreased to 5.76% (6 eyes), 5.94% (6 eyes) and 7.22% (7 eyes), respectively. The positive rates among the three groups did not differ. However, the positive rate in group A significantly differed before and after the irrigation (P<0.05). No toxic or allergic reactions were found in the ocular surface of any patient after the irrigation. 

Conclusion: The disinfection effects of the three types of conjunctival sac irrigations did not differ.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to obtain a better understanding of the etiologies and characteristics of pediatric cataracts treated at a single facility in China.

Methods: Medical records accrued over a 10-year period (from August,2003 to July, 2013) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were reviewed retrospectively, identifying all patients treated for various subtypes of pediatric cataract. A database with 367 subjects under 14 years of age (598, including second-round surgeries) was generated.

Results: Of this cohort(n=367; males: 232, 63.2%; females: 135,368%), 200 patients (54.5%) had bilateral cataracts, and 258 (70.3%) were under 3 years of age. In all age groups and in all subtypes of pediatric cataract, males were most commonly affected. Congenital cataract was the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 296 patients (80.7%).  Most congenital cataracts were associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities; and in 48 patients (16.22%), they were hereditary.Traumatic cataract was the most common subtype (85.92%) of acquired cataract. The few instances of cataracts due to steroids (n=3) or to metabolic disorders (n=2) occurred in males and involved both eyes.

Conclusion: The majority of pediatric cataracts in this patient population were congenital in nature. A significant lag in ophthalmologic evaluation of Chinese infants was evident and should be addressed by educating both children and parents on risk factors for cataract development. Regular assessments are especially important in children subjected to long-term systemic steroid treatments.