Pediatric cataract, a leading cause of blindness in children globally, imposing a significant financial burden on both families and society. The extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of this condition means that the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, limiting the development of precise and effective treatments. The advent of omics technologies has provided potent tools for unraveling the pathogenesis of pediatric cataract. By mapping expression profiles across various molecular levels, these omics approaches enhance our understanding of the disease’s etiological mechanisms, aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and key pathways, and offer researchers new insights for the innovative strategies in disease diagnosis and targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize the application of omics approaches in clinical and basic research on pediatric cataract over the past decade, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of omics analyses in pediatric cataract studies.

Pediatric cataract, a leading cause of blindness in children globally, imposing a significant financial burden on both families and society. The extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of this condition means that the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, limiting the development of precise and effective treatments. The advent of omics technologies has provided potent tools for unraveling the pathogenesis of pediatric cataract. By mapping expression profiles across various molecular levels, these omics approaches enhance our understanding of the disease’s etiological mechanisms, aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and key pathways, and offer researchers new insights for the innovative strategies in disease diagnosis and targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize the application of omics approaches in clinical and basic research on pediatric cataract over the past decade, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of omics analyses in pediatric cataract studies.

Purpose: To develop a survival prediction model for primary conjunctival malignant tumors.

Methods: Detailed information on cases diagnosed with primary conjunctival malignant tumors from 2000 to 2019 was collected from SEER database.Subsequently,  cases meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the development group (1,216 cases) or validation group (608 cases). Relevant risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A nomogram was constructed to predict the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates. The concordance index (C index) was calculated to assess the predictive power of the model. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) and calibration curves were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was measured. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was also applied.

Results: The overall survival rate was 77.8%. Statistically significant differences in the survival time distribution were observed among groups based on age (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.001), and stage (P = 0.01). According to the multivariate analysis, patients with lymphoma, younger age, and localized lesions exhibited better survival outcomes. The C-index of the constructed model was 0.79. In the training group, the AUC values for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality were 0.824, 0.796, and 0.815, respectively. In the validation group, tge corresponding AU values were 0.750, 0.820, and 0.838. The DCA results demonstrated a significant advantage of the model, while the calibration plots indicated that the predicted OS was in good agreement with the actual OS in both groups. 

Conclusions: This study presents a satisfying survival prediction model for malignant conjunctival tumors.

Purpose: To develop a survival prediction model for primary conjunctival malignant tumors.

Methods: Detailed information on cases diagnosed with primary conjunctival malignant tumors from 2000 to 2019 was collected from SEER database.Subsequently,  cases meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the development group (1,216 cases) or validation group (608 cases). Relevant risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A nomogram was constructed to predict the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates. The concordance index (C index) was calculated to assess the predictive power of the model. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) and calibration curves were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was measured. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was also applied.

Results: The overall survival rate was 77.8%. Statistically significant differences in the survival time distribution were observed among groups based on age (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.001), and stage (P = 0.01). According to the multivariate analysis, patients with lymphoma, younger age, and localized lesions exhibited better survival outcomes. The C-index of the constructed model was 0.79. In the training group, the AUC values for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality were 0.824, 0.796, and 0.815, respectively. In the validation group, tge corresponding AU values were 0.750, 0.820, and 0.838. The DCA results demonstrated a significant advantage of the model, while the calibration plots indicated that the predicted OS was in good agreement with the actual OS in both groups. 

Conclusions: This study presents a satisfying survival prediction model for malignant conjunctival tumors.

Purpose: The day surgery mode has significantly reduced preoperative waiting time for patients. However, this mode also led to brief and sometimes abrupt interactions between patients with vision loss and nursing staff during the preoperative visits. Additionally, patients may experience negative emotions. The aim of this study was to describe the preoperative experiences and identify related stressful factors among patients waiting vitreo-retinal day surgery. Methods: This study was guided by an interpretive approach. Semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with patients from August 2021 to October 2024. Inductive content analysis and research software were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-seven patients agreed to participate the interviews. Their ages ranged from 19 to 70 years old. The waiting time before hospitalization varied from 7 to 90 days. Three main categories emerged from patients’ complaints: day surgery procedures, concerns about eye conditions and supports. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of preoperative care services. It is suggested that providing accurate preoperative information and effective support can significantly enhance the quality of preoperative care service.

Purpose: The day surgery mode has significantly reduced preoperative waiting time for patients. However, this mode also led to brief and sometimes abrupt interactions between patients with vision loss and nursing staff during the preoperative visits. Additionally, patients may experience negative emotions. The aim of this study was to describe the preoperative experiences and identify related stressful factors among patients waiting vitreo-retinal day surgery. Methods: This study was guided by an interpretive approach. Semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with patients from August 2021 to October 2024. Inductive content analysis and research software were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-seven patients agreed to participate the interviews. Their ages ranged from 19 to 70 years old. The waiting time before hospitalization varied from 7 to 90 days. Three main categories emerged from patients’ complaints: day surgery procedures, concerns about eye conditions and supports. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of preoperative care services. It is suggested that providing accurate preoperative information and effective support can significantly enhance the quality of preoperative care service.

Purpose: Strabismus is associated with a higher prevalence of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis (ITS) in children. This study aims to investigate whether superior oblique palsy (SOP) poses a higher risk for developing ITS among children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 347 consecutive candidates for SOP surgery aged 4 to 18 years; Patients within the same age range with ocular trauma were enrolled as the control group. Preoperative chest plain radiographs were used to measure the Cobb angle. Demographic information and clinical data, including diopter, best corrected visual acuity, deviation degree, and binocular function, were analyzed.

Results: A significantly higher prevalence of ITS was found in study group compared with control group (12.68% vs 4.18%，p< 0.001) . Additionally, the mean Cobb angle was lagrger in SOP group than that in control group (5.02°±3.87° vs 3.84°±3.09°, p < 0.001). Males in SOP group showed a higher prevalence of ITS  (12.9% vs 2.87%, p = 0.007), but there was no significant difference in females between two groups (12.3% vs 7.69%, p = 0.295). Good near stereopsis acuity was  significantly associated with high prevalence of thoracic scoliosis (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a large distant magnitude of deviation (>20PD) and near stereoacuity were significantly associated with ITS.

Conclusions: Patients with SOP have a significantly  higher risk of developing idiopathic thoracic scoliosis, especially those with good near stereoscopic and large distant magnitude of deviation. 

Purpose: Strabismus is associated with a higher prevalence of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis (ITS) in children. This study aims to investigate whether superior oblique palsy (SOP) poses a higher risk for developing ITS among children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 347 consecutive candidates for SOP surgery aged 4 to 18 years; Patients within the same age range with ocular trauma were enrolled as the control group. Preoperative chest plain radiographs were used to measure the Cobb angle. Demographic information and clinical data, including diopter, best corrected visual acuity, deviation degree, and binocular function, were analyzed.

Results: A significantly higher prevalence of ITS was found in study group compared with control group (12.68% vs 4.18%，p< 0.001) . Additionally, the mean Cobb angle was lagrger in SOP group than that in control group (5.02°±3.87° vs 3.84°±3.09°, p < 0.001). Males in SOP group showed a higher prevalence of ITS  (12.9% vs 2.87%, p = 0.007), but there was no significant difference in females between two groups (12.3% vs 7.69%, p = 0.295). Good near stereopsis acuity was  significantly associated with high prevalence of thoracic scoliosis (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a large distant magnitude of deviation (>20PD) and near stereoacuity were significantly associated with ITS.

Conclusions: Patients with SOP have a significantly  higher risk of developing idiopathic thoracic scoliosis, especially those with good near stereoscopic and large distant magnitude of deviation.