本文简要探讨了眼科青年医师在住院医师规范化培训过程中，应该重视人文素养的培养。眼科住院医师必须三基扎实，具备敏锐的临床科研嗅觉、优秀的现代医学人文素养。在科技高速发展与医疗环境日趋复杂的今天，培养具备精湛的专业技能与高尚的医学人文精神的眼科学领袖，对于眼科的发展显得尤为重要。

This article briefly discusses that in the process of standardized training of ophthalmology residents, the young physicians should focus on the training of humanistic accomplishment. Ophthalmology residents should master solid basic theory and skills, have keen sense of the clinical issue, and possess excellent modern medical humanities. Nowadays, it is particularly important to cultivate the ophthalmology leaders who hold superb professional skills and noble humanistic spirit because of the high-speed development of science and technology and the increasingly complex medical environment. 

目的：探讨基于问题式教学法(problem-based learning，PBL)联合基于案例教学法(case-based learning，CBL)的模式在留学生眼科学教学中的效果。方法：将教学对象分为两组，其中传统教学组30人，联合教学组35人。传统教学组采用传统授课方法，联合教学组采用PBL联合CBL的教学方法。对其效果进行评估，评估指标包括发言次数、临床思维能力、学习兴趣、教学质量评分、教学满意度、理论分数、病例分析分数等。结果：与传统教学组相比，联合教学组学生在各项评估 指标上均明显优于传统教学组，且各项指标之间的差异均具有统计学意义。结论：PBL与CBL相结合的教学模式能有效提高眼科学教学质量，值得在临床教学中进一步推广应用。

Objective: To investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning teaching (CBL) teaching approaches in the ophthalmology teaching of foreign students. Methods: The subjects were divided into a control group (30 students) and an experimental group (35 students). In the control group, the students were taught via traditional teaching methods. The PBL and CBL teaching approaches were applied in the experimental group. Then, the number of statements, clinical thinking ability, learning interest, teaching quality scores, teaching satisfaction, theoretical scores, and case analysis scores were assessed in these two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the assessments in the experimental group were significantly better (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PBL and CBL teaching approaches can effectively improve the teaching quality of ophthalmology of foreign students. It is worth to popularize this method in clinical teaching.

目的：探讨个性化护理在眼科患儿全身麻醉手术中的应用效果。方法：选取于2015年7月至2016年8月中山大学附属第一医院收治的50例眼科全身麻醉手术患儿，按手术例数单、双号顺序分组，单 数为对照组，采用传统常规护理，双数为观察组，采用个性化护理。比较两组麻醉配合度与家属对护理满意度。结果：50例患儿手术顺利。对照组在麻醉及复苏过程出现烦躁与躁动情况的患儿18例，观察组为3例,对照组明显高于观察组；观察组麻醉配合度与家属对护理满意度明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：眼科全身麻醉手术患儿运用个性化护理，可改善患儿心理状态，提高配合度，增加患儿家属的满意度。

Objective: To detect the effect of individualized nursing on ophthalmic children under general anesthesia operation. Methods: Ophthalmic children under general anesthesia operation in First Afifliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included from July 2015 to August 2016. All of children were divided into odd and even groups by the operation sequence number. The children with odd numbers were in control group and accepted traditional nursing. The children with even numbers were in experimental group and accepted individualized nursing. Anesthesia cooperation degree and family members’ satisfaction on nursing were compared between the two groups. Results: Fifty operations were proceeded successfully. 18 children appeared irritability and restlessness during anesthesia and recovery process in the control group. Irritability and restlessness were only showed in 3 children in the experimental group. The satisfaction in experimental group was much higher than  the control group, the differences were statistically signiffcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Individualized nursing can improve the mental state and the degree of cooperation. It can also improve family members’ satisfaction.  

目的：了解中国华南地区眼科患者近年术前四项指标的感染状况及阳性患者在不同眼病中的分布。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月~2023年12月在中山大学中山眼科中心进行乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)指标筛查的门诊、手术和(或)住院患者资料，并记录和分析患者各项指标的阳性情况。结果：共纳入253 246例患者，HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP和抗-HIV阳性率分别是9.00%、0.45%、1.55%、0.13%。两种或两种以上感染指标阳性的患者共有686例， HBsAg和抗HCV同时阳性的例数最高(57.29%)，其次为抗-HIV和抗-TP(15.74%)。2017~2023年HBsAg阳性率逐年递减，而抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP阳性率变化不明显。男性的HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性率均高于女性，差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性率在不同年龄段比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。在HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP阳性患者中，晶状体病的病例数占比最高，分别为36.72%、39.12%、46.97%。其次是玻璃体/视网膜疾病，占比分别为22.52%、19.65%、19.69%。在抗-HIV阳性患者中，玻璃体/视网膜疾病的病例数占比最高，为42.99%，其次是晶状体病，占26.17%，葡萄膜炎占8.72%。结论：本研究揭示了眼科患者术前四项指标的感染情况及感染患者在不同眼病中的分布，这对于评估眼科手术风险、制定感染控制措施具有重要意义。

Objective: To understand the infection status of four blood-borne pathogens among ophthalmology patients in South China and the distribution of positive patients across different eye diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from outpatient and inpatient or surgical ophthalmic patients who underwent screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), treponema pallidum antibody (anti-TP) and human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV) at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to December 2023. The positivity rates of these markers were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 253246 patients were included in the study, with positivity rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP, and anti-HIV at 9.00%, 0.45%, 1.55% and 0.13%, respectively. Among these, 686 patients tested positive for two or more markers, with the highest co-positivity observed for HBsAg and anti-HCV (57.29%), followed by anti-HIV and anti-TP (15.74%). The positivity rate of HBsAg showed a yearly decline, while the rates for anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and anti-TP remained relatively stable from 2017 to 2023. Males had significantly higher positivity rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP, and anti-HIV compared to females (P < 0.001). Significant differences in positivity rates for these markers were also observed across different age groups (P < 0.001). In patients with positive HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-TP, the proportion of cases with lens diseases were the highest, at 36.72%, 39.12%, and 46.97%, respectively. Vitreoretinal diseases followed, with proportions of 22.52%, 19.65%, and 19.69%, respectively. Among patients with positive anti-HIV, the proportion of cases with vitreoretinal diseases was the highest, at 42.99%, followed by lens diseases at 26.17%, and uveitis at 8.72%. Conclusions: This study reveals the infection status of four blood-borne pathogens in ophthalmology patients and the distribution of infected patients across different eye diseases, which is significant for assessing the risks of ophthalmic surgery and formulating infection control measures.

原发性干燥综合征 (primary Sjogren' s syndrome，SS) 是一种主要累及外分泌腺体的自身免疫性疾病，患者通常因为严重的干眼症状首先就诊于眼科，大多数临床医师对原发性干燥综合征相关性干眼 (Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease，SS-DED) 认识不足，可能导致漏诊和误诊。侵入性极小的客观检查及生物标志物的发展，将有助于发现 SS-DED 的真面目，并可能从新的角度阐释其发病机制，为其诊断、分类及治疗提供新的思路。SS-DED 的治疗没有特效的药物，大多数患者需接受多种方法的治疗，以了解哪些方法最有效。

Primary Sjogren' s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands. Patients usually refer to ophthalmologists because of severe dry eye symptoms. Most clinicians have insufficient knowledge with dry eye disease associated with primary Sjogren' s syndrome probably leading to misdiagnosis or missing the diagnosis. The diagnosis of Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease (SS-DED) is difficult, but the extremely invasive objective examination and the development of biomarkers will help to understand this disease and explain its pathogenesis from a new perspective. There is no specific treatment for the SS-DED, and most patients should receive multiple treatments to select the optimal treatment.