目的：探讨爱先蓝(Alcian Blue，AB)和细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin，CK)双重染色技术在泪腺腺样囊性癌组织中的应用, 提高泪腺腺样囊性癌染色效率。方法：选取中山大学中山眼科中心临床病理科2015年1月至2017年1月期间诊断为泪腺腺样囊性癌病例标本23例，在同一张切片上先进行AB染色，再进行CK染色，观察染色效果。结果：23例泪腺腺样囊性癌标本组织中黏液物质全部呈蓝色；癌细胞胞质CK阳性，呈棕黄色。结论：AB和CK双重染色方法稳定，颜色对比鲜明，能够良好显示癌细胞及黏液的关系，并且比分开的两次单种染色省时、经济。

Objective: To investigate the application of Alcian Blue (AB) and cytokeratin (CK) double staining technique in adenoid cystic carcinoma to improve the staining efficiency. Methods: Twenty-three specimens of adenoid cystic carcinoma from January 2015 to January 2017 in the Clinical Pathology Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University were stained with AB first and CK then on the same slide. Results: Mucinous substance showed blue. And the cytoplasm of the cancer cells presented with brown yellow in all the specimens.Conclusion: The method of double staining with AB and CK is stable and displays bright color contrast. It can effectively reveal the relationship between the mucus and cancer cells. It proves to be more time-saving and economical than the individual staining of AB and CK respectively.

原发性干燥综合征 (primary Sjogren' s syndrome，SS) 是一种主要累及外分泌腺体的自身免疫性疾病，患者通常因为严重的干眼症状首先就诊于眼科，大多数临床医师对原发性干燥综合征相关性干眼 (Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease，SS-DED) 认识不足，可能导致漏诊和误诊。侵入性极小的客观检查及生物标志物的发展，将有助于发现 SS-DED 的真面目，并可能从新的角度阐释其发病机制，为其诊断、分类及治疗提供新的思路。SS-DED 的治疗没有特效的药物，大多数患者需接受多种方法的治疗，以了解哪些方法最有效。

Primary Sjogren' s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands. Patients usually refer to ophthalmologists because of severe dry eye symptoms. Most clinicians have insufficient knowledge with dry eye disease associated with primary Sjogren' s syndrome probably leading to misdiagnosis or missing the diagnosis. The diagnosis of Sjogren' s syndrome dry eye disease (SS-DED) is difficult, but the extremely invasive objective examination and the development of biomarkers will help to understand this disease and explain its pathogenesis from a new perspective. There is no specific treatment for the SS-DED, and most patients should receive multiple treatments to select the optimal treatment. 

目的：研究M22优化脉冲光技术治疗睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction，MGD)所致干眼的疗效，并用keratograph 5M干眼分析仪分析评估患者治疗前后病情变化。方法：收集汕头博德眼科医院门诊患者46例，年龄31~85(55.39±14.02)岁，行M22优化脉冲光治疗1个疗程(每月1次，共3次)，治疗前后均采用keratograph 5M干眼分析仪分析评估患者泪河高度情况、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time，BUT)、脂质层、睑板腺情况的变化，采用t检验分析对比治疗前后 变化情况。结果：患者治疗后泪河高度较强脉冲光治疗前明显增高，由(0.20±0.11) mm增加到(0.35±0.11) mm，BUT时间延长，由(4.98±2.13) s延长到(10.12±1.86) s，脂质层异常情况好转，有效率达93.48%，睑板腺阻塞情况减轻，有效率达84.78%以上，治疗后与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：M22优化脉冲光技术在治疗MGD导致的干眼有较好的效果，没有出现并发症，是较安全有效地治疗方法，且keratograph 5M干眼分析仪可以较全面的对该病进行评估。

Objective: To study the efficacy of M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology in the treatment of dry eye caused by meibomian gland dysfunction and to evaluate the changes of patients affer treatment with keratograph 5M dry eye analyzer. Methods: Forty-six patients collected from Shantou Balder Eye Hospital receiving M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology treatment for three times, once a month, then using keratograph 5M dry eye analyzer to assess the height of tears river, break-up time (BUT), lipid layer, and meibomian gland. The results before and affer laser treatment were compared using t-test in this study. Results: Affer treatment, there was signiffcant effect than those of before treatment, the BUT time was prolonged from (0.20±0.11) mm to (0.35±0.11) mm, the abnormalities of the lipid layer were alleviated, the cure rate exceeded 93.48%, and the obstruction of the meibomian gland was reduced, the cure rate was higher than 84.78%. TTe difference before and affer corresponding treatment was statistically signiffcant (P<0.01). Conclusion: M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology has a good effect in the treatment of MGD-induced dry eye without complications. So M22 Optimal Pulsed Technology is a safe and effective treatment method. And keratograph 5M dry eye analyzer can deliver comprehensive assessment of dry eye. 

目的：探讨珠海地区早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的患病情况及临床特点。方法：回顾分析珠海市妇幼保健院2009年5月至2018年12月 5 473 例（10 946 只眼）早产儿的眼病筛查资料。结果：共筛查出 185 例（370 眼）患有不同程度的 ROP，患病率为 3.38%。33 例（66 眼）需要治疗，占 17.84%。低出生体重组出生孕周为 26～31，32～33，34～36的 ROP 患儿分别为 133，13，9 例，ROP 发病率分别为 14.9%，1.4%，1.3%，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。高出生体重组出生孕周为 26～31，32～33，34～36 的 ROP 患儿分别为 1，5，24例，ROP 发病率分别为 7.1%，1.1%，1.0%，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。33 例严重 ROP 患儿（需要干预治疗的 ROP）中，低出生体重组出生孕周为 26～31，32～33，34～36 的严重ROP患儿分别为 29，3，1 例，发病率分别为 3.2%，3%，0.1%，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。高出生体重组无严重 ROP 患儿。结论：珠海地区近十年的早产儿 ROP 患病率为 3.38%，出生体重和胎龄是 ROP 发病的危险因素。严重ROP患儿的出生体重均 <2 000 g。

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Zhuhai. 

Methods: The eye screening data for 5,473 (10,946 eyes) premature infants born from May 2009 to December 2018 in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuhai were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: In the 5 473 premature babies examination, 185 cases (3.38%) were detected with different degrees of ROP. The number of cases requiring treatment was 33 (17.84%). In the low birth weight group, the ROP patients with 26–31, 32–33, and 34–36 weeks were 133 (14.9%), 13 (1.4%), and 9 (1.3%), respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the high birth weight group, the ROP patients with birth weeks of 26–31, 32–33, and 34–36 were 1 (7.1%), 5 (1.1%), and 24 (1.0%), respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Among the 33 children with severe ROP (requiring intervention treatment), there were 29 (3.2%), 3 (3%), and 1 (0.1%) with birth weeks of 26–31, 32–33, and 34–36, respectively, in the low birth weight group; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The severe ROP was 0 in the high birth weight group.

Conclusion: The prevalence of ROP in premature infants is 3.38% in the past decade in Zhuhai. Birth weight and gestational age are risk factors for ROP. The birth weight of infants with severe ROP is less than 2 000 g.

目的：探讨眼睑基底细胞癌在控制性切除联合眼睑一期修复的疗效。方法：通过对 47 例经病理诊断为眼睑基底细胞癌患者行控制性切除联合眼睑一期修复手术治疗，对其疗效进行回顾性分析。结果：术后修复皮瓣均成活，眼睑功能良好，随访 4 个月~10 年，期间无复发及转移病例。结论：对于眼睑部的基底细胞癌，采用显微控制下切除肿瘤联合一期修复的手术方法提高了患者的治愈率，同时最大限度地保留了眼睑的正常组织，达到了保持眼睑功能和美容的双重目的。

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma of eyelids. Methods: Clinical data of 47 patients pathologicall diagnosed with eyelid basal cell carcinoma were treated by controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All skin flaps survived after operation, and the eyelid function was excellent. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion: For basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids, controlled excision combined with eyelid reconstruction can improve the cure rate, and retain the normal tissues of the eyelid as much as possible, which both maintains eyelid function and improves cosmetic appearance.

      液相芯片技术是一种利用混悬在液相中的分类编码微球作为反应及信号检测载体，集合流式细胞技术、激光技术、数字信号处理技术及传统化学技术为一体的新型生物分子检测技术。它充分利用发展成熟的流式细胞术检测原理，对目标分子（如核酸、蛋白质等）进行高通量分析。目前已在生物医学研究中得到了广泛的应用。现就其技术原理、特点及其在泪液细胞因子检测中的应用作简要介绍。

Liquichip (Multiplexed microsphere-based flow cytometric assays) is a new biomolecular detection technology using encoded microspheres suspended in liquid as reaction and detection carrier, which is an integration of flow cytometry, laser technology, digital signal processing and traditional chemical technology. It is a high-throughput analyzer for the target molecular (e.g. nucleic acid and protein) based on the principles of flow cytometry. Liquichip is now widely used in biomedical analyses. This article briefly reviews the principle and characteristic of liquichip and its application in tear cytokine analysis.

目的：探讨全视网膜光凝及术后应用羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法：选取96例患者，共175只眼，随机分为对照组(48例，86只眼)和研究组(48例，89只眼)。两组均予全视网膜激光光凝治疗，其中研究组术后再予羟苯磺酸钙继续12周治疗。12周后，观察两组患者治疗前后视力、血液流变学的变化。结果：治疗后研究组在视力>1.0范围的患者明显多于对照组(χ²=6.779，P=0.009)， 而2组在视力≤0.4，0.4~0.6，0.7~1.0范围患者视力差异比较分别为( χ²=0.003，P=0.955)，(χ²=1.640，P=0.200)，(χ²=2.148，P=0.143)。治疗后研究组患者的血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数、纤维蛋白原改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率89.9%，对照组75.6%，两组差异比较(χ² =6.302，P=0.012)。结论：全视网膜激光光凝及术后应用羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病性视网膜病，能有效提高视力及临床疗效，可能与改善患者血液流变相关。

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of the postoperative retinal laser photocoagulation and calcium dobesilate in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Selected 96 patients, 175 eyes, randomly divided into control group (48 cases, 86 eyes) and study group (48 cases, 89 eyes). Two groups were all given retinal laser photocoagulation treatment, while the study group continued to receive calcium dobesilate for 12 weeks after treatment. After 12 weeks, observed the eyesight, change of blood rheology of the two groups. Results: After the treatment, the patients with vision >1.0 in the study group were significantly more than the control group (χ² =6.779, P=0.009), in the vision range of ≤0.4, 0.4~0.6, 0.7~1.0, the difference between the two groups was (χ² =0.003, P=0.955), (χ² =1.640, P=0.200), (χ²=2.148, P=0.143), respectively. After treatment, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deposited, erythrocyte deformation index, fibrinogen in the study group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effectiveness in the study group was 89.9%, in the control group was 75.6%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=6.302, P=0.012). Conclusion: The whole retinal laser photocoagulation and postoperative application of calcium dobesilate in treating the diabetic retinopathy can effectively improve eyesight and clinical curative effect, which may be associated with improving blood rheology.

目的：研究基质金属蛋白酶-2（Matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（Matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）和血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）在视网膜母细胞瘤（Retinoblastoma, RB）中的表达及其与 RB 分化程度和视神经浸润的关系，探讨它们在 RB 浸润、转移过程中的作用和临床意义。

方法：采用免疫组化方法检测 40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达。

结果：40 例 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达率分别为 52.5%、57.5% 和 72.5%。未分化型 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性表达均高于分化型（P < 0.05）；有视神经浸润的 RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的阳性水平均高于无视神经浸润的 RB（P < 0.05）。RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。

结论：RB 中 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 高表达与 RB 的浸润和转移相关，且 MMP-2、MMP-9 表达与 VEGF 表达存在相关性。联合检测 MMP-2、MMP-9 和 VEGF 的表达可作为反映 RB 浸润、转移潜能的生物学指标，有助于筛选转移高危病例及评价患者预后。

Purpose: To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma (RB) and its relationship with the differentiation and optic nerve infiltration of RB. And to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and VEGF in the infiltration and metastasis of RB and their clinical significance.

Methods: Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in 40 RB cases.

Results: The MMP-2, MMP-9 protein and VEGF protein expression were detected as positive in 52.5%, 57.5% and 72.5% of 40 RB cases respectively. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in the undifferentiated pattern than in the rosetted pattern (p < 0.05); and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion than in those without optic nerve invasion (p < 0.05). In RB, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 had a positive correlation with the expression of VEGF.

Conclusions: In RB, high expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF is related to the invasion and metastasis of RB. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 is positively correlated with the expression of VEGF. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF may act as a biological marker for the invasion and metastasis of RB. The method may help screen and identify the cases with high risk for metastasis and to predict the prognosis of patients.