Blepharitis is a common chronic eye inflammation that mainly affects the skin and mucosa of the eyelid margin. It is characterized by eye irritation symptoms such as dryness, itching, and foreign body sensation, accompanied by clinical manifestations such as eyelid congestion, thickening, and repeated eyelash loss. It can damage the conjunctival tissue even. Eyelid cleaning can inhibit the growth of some bacteria on the ocular surface, remove eyelid oil, secretions, and keratinized epithelial cells, clean the ocular environment, and have a good effect on treating blepharitis. In order to ensure the safety of patient treatment and guide and standardize the operation of clinical ophthalmic medical staff, led by the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, and jointly revised by 18 medical institutions across the country, the group standard " Operation procedure of eyelid margin cleaning based on eyelid cleaning device" was released on the National Group Standard Information Platform on December 17, 2023. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the group's standards, detailing the indications and contraindications, key points, difficulties, and details of eyelid cleaning procedures, in order to better guide clinical medical staff in implementing standardized and effective treatment procedures, ensuring patient treatment effectiveness and safety. Aiming to standardize and promote the precise development of eyelid margin cleaning procedures based on eyelid cleaning devices, and provide important standard basis for promoting the level of medical and nursing precision application of anterior segment diseases in China.

To explore the intervention effect of Internet + multidisciplinary team continuation nursing model in elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: select DR from March 2022 to December 2023, according to the date of admission will single group as routine group (n=61 group), double group as Internet group (n=53 cases), conventional group give routine continuity care, interconnected group give Internet + multidisciplinary team continued nursing, observe two groups before and after the blood sugar level, self-management, quality of life, compare the disease recurrence rate and nursing satisfaction after intervention. Results: The fasting and postprandial blood glucose values were significantly lower than those before the intervention, Moreover, the blood glucose reduction degree in the Internet group was significantly greater than that in the conventional group (P <0.05); The CLVQOL scores and SDSCA scores of the Internet group were significantly higher than those of the conventional group except for the smoking dimension (P <0.05); The score of smoking dimension and nursing satisfaction were significantly lower than that of the conventional group (P <0.05); The recurrence rate of diabetes in the conventional group 3 months after the intervention was 24.59%, The recurrence rate of eye disease was 26.23%, both significantly higher than the Internet group 15.09% and 13.21% (P <0.05). Conclusion: The application of the Internet + multidisciplinary team continuation nursing model in elderly DR patients has remarkable effect, which can effectively adjust the blood glucose level of patients, improve their self-management ability and improve the quality of life. Patients and their families have high nursing satisfaction and good prognosis.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly enhances the screening and diagnostic processes for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this article,we focused on the application and performance of AI in detecting ROP and distinguishing plus disease (PLUS) in ROP. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Ovid for studies published from January 2018 to July 2024. Studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of AI with expert ophthalmologists’judgment as a reference standard were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool and QUADAS-AI tool.Statistical analysis included data pooling, forest plot construction, heterogeneity testing, and meta-regression. Results: Fourteen of the 186 studieswere included.The pooled sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of the AI diagnosing ROP were 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96), 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.98) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98), respectively.The pooled sensitivity, specificity and the AUC of the AI distinguishing PLUS were 0.92 (95% CI 0.80-0.97),0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99), respectively.Cochran’s Q test (P < 0.01) andHiggins I ² heterogeneity index revealed considerable heterogeneity. The country of study, number of centers, data source and the number of doctors were responsible for the heterogeneity. For ROP diagnosing, researches conducted in China using private data in single center with less than 3 doctors showed higher sensitivity and specificity. For PLUS distinguishing, researches in multiple centers with less than 3 doctors showed higher sensitivity. Conclusions: This study revealed the powerful role of AI in diagnosing ROP and distinguishing PLUS. However, significant heterogeneity was noted among all included studies, indicating challenges in the application of AI for ROP diagnosis in real-world settings. More studies are needed to address these disparities, aiming to fully harness AI’s potential in augmenting medical care for ROP.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic impact of systemic application of vitamin C (Vc) on patients with traumatic lens dislocation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with "traumatic lens dislocation" in our hospital from January 1, 2022 to May 30, 2024. General information, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and objective eye examination data were collected. Patients were divided into two groups (non Vc group and Vc group) based on whether Vc (2g) was used systemically. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Then correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between BCVA and clinical indicators at the last follow-up visit. Results: A total of 51 patients were included, with 26 in the non Vc group and 25 in the Vc group. Except for the non Vc group with significantly smaller pupil diameter than the Vc group, there was no significant difference in admission data between the two groups. After systemic administration of Vc, the time for corneal edema reduction was significantly shortened [non Vc group vs Vc group: 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) days vs 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) days，P = 0.016], and the number of intraocular pressure lowering medicines used after discharge was significantly reduced [non Vc group vs Vc group: 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) vs 0.00 (0.00, 1.00)，P = 0.011]. At the last follow-up visit, BCVA improved significantly (non Vc group vs Vc group: 0.28 ± 0.05 vs 0.53 ± 0.06，P = 0.002). Further correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between BCVA and admission BCVA grading (standardized β: -0.656，P ＜ 0.001) at the last follow-up visit, and a positive correlation with systemic application of Vc (standardized β: 0.505，P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: The systemic application of Vc can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic lens dislocation, and has clinical value for widespread promotion and application.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between imaging manifestations and laboratory indicators of peripheral blood in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Method: One hundred patients with DME were selected to undergo fundus imaging examination, with peripheral blood taken for testing to analyze the correlation between imaging manifestations and laboratory indicators of peripheral blood. Result:Reduced red blood cell count was correlated with ellipsoid band disruption (p=0.040) and capsular cavity formation (p=0.015). Reduced hemoglobin was correlated with intraretinal fluid (p=0.046). Elevated low-density lipoprotein was correlated with capsular cavity formation (p=0.011), outer membrane disruption (p=0.018), and intraretinal fluid (p=0.020), while elevated apolipoprotein B was correlated with hard exudates (p=0.025). Elevated creatinine was correlated with disorganization of inner retinal layer (p=0.009). Diabetic retinopathy severity score was negatively correlated with platelet count (p=0.001, r=-0.314). Hyperreflective foci were positively correlated with neutrophil count (p=0.001, r=0.324).Conclusion: It was found that certain imaging manifestations in patients with DME were correlated with laboratory indicators, which is helpful to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetic macular edema and guide clinical treatment.

Macrophage-like cells (MLC) refer to immune cells that originate from and function similarly to macrophages, including microglia, hyalocytes, and macrophages themselves. By setting the display level of en face OCT to the retinal surface, epiretinal MLC (eMLC) can be observed and subsequently extracted and quantified using ImageJ software. Studies indicate that eMLC can exhibit cell recruitment and activation in inflammatory conditions, each displaying distinct characteristics in different retinal diseases. In ischemic and hypoxic retinal conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, higher densities of eMLC are associated with more severe macular edema. Moreover, patients with retinal vein occlusion showing higher eMLC densities tend to have poorer responses to anti-VEGF treatments and worse visual prognoses, suggesting that eMLC identified via en face OCT can be used not only to assess retinal inflammation but also as biomarkers for disease efficacy and prognosis. In immune-inflammatory diseases like uveitis, changes in eMLC density and morphology can also be observed through en face OCT. In patients with Beh?et's disease, a strong correlation exists between the degree of retinal vascular leakage and eMLC density, making eMLC density a potential non-invasive marker for assessing retinal vascular leakage. However, the current methods and standards for extracting and quantifying eMLC are not unified, significantly reducing comparability between studies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish uniform operational protocols and assessment standards. Furthermore, the specific cell types and functions represented by eMLC observed via en face OCT require further investigation. In the future, en face OCT could be utilized for non-invasive assessment of retinal inflammation. eMLC based on en face OCT could also serve as a bridge between basic research and clinical studies, providing valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases.

Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) is characterized by extensive retinochoroidal abnormalities. This includes serous retinal detachment (SRD), diffused or multifocal atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroidal thickening with vasodilatation, often involving the macula. chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) is characterized by extensive retinochoroidal abnormalities. This includes extensive and multifocal atrophy in the serous retinal detachment (SRD), the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) epithelium and choroidal thickening with vasodilatation, often effects the macula. It tends to recur, be prolonged, and have an unfavorable prognosis. With the advent of new multimodal imaging (MMI) techniques such as optical coherence tomography angiography, ultra-wide-angle imaging, and en face reconstruction imaging, along with the advancement of AI and machine learning, more significant cCSC imaging characteristics have been constantly emerging. This article reviews the imaging fe

Dry eye disease (DED) refers to decreased tear film stability due to abnormal tear quality and quantity or kinetics. The main clinical manifestations are visual fatigue, dryness and foreign body sensation, redness of the eyes, eye pain, photophobia, etc. In severe cases, corneal ulcers and visual impairment may occur. The latest epidemiological studies in 2021 showed a global prevalence of DED is about 11.59%, with the lowest prevalence of 4.6% in North America, similar to that in Europe (13.7%), South America (14.7%), and Oceania (14.9%), and slightly higher in West Asia (29.0%) than in East Asia (19.4%), and the highest in Africa (47.9%). In China, it is about 21.0% to 30.0%. DED accounts for about 30% of the total number of ophthalmology outpatient visits. In addition, the latest meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of DED among young students (29.25%) is relatively high.DED not only affects people's productivity and quality of life, but in severe cases it can affect the healthy . Some studies have shown that patients with DED are more likely to have psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety, which tend to be more severe, and that these symptoms are associated with dry eye symptoms rather than physical signs. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of ophthalmologic examination technology, the continuous exploration by researchers, and the increasing standard of living and the need for quality of life, clinicians are required to master a variety of therapeutic means to provide efficient and high-quality treatment for patients according to different situations. This article provides a review of the treatment of DED as a major component, with a view to informing the clinician's treatment.

Dry eye disease (DED) refers to decreased tear film stability due to abnormal tear quality and quantity or kinetics. The main clinical manifestations are visual fatigue, dryness and foreign body sensation, redness of the eyes, eye pain, photophobia, etc. In severe cases, corneal ulcers and visual impairment may occur. The latest epidemiological studies in 2021 showed a global prevalence of DED is about 11.59%, with the lowest prevalence of 4.6% in North America, similar to that in Europe (13.7%), South America (14.7%), and Oceania (14.9%), and slightly higher in West Asia (29.0%) than in East Asia (19.4%), and the highest in Africa (47.9%). In China, it is about 21.0% to 30.0%. DED accounts for about 30% of the total number of ophthalmology outpatient visits. In addition, the latest meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of DED among young students (29.25%) is relatively high.DED not only affects people's productivity and quality of life, but in severe cases it can affect the healthy . Some studies have shown that patients with DED are more likely to have psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety, which tend to be more severe, and that these symptoms are associated with dry eye symptoms rather than physical signs. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of ophthalmologic examination technology, the continuous exploration by researchers, and the increasing standard of living and the need for quality of life, clinicians are required to master a variety of therapeutic means to provide efficient and high-quality treatment for patients according to different situations. This article provides a review of the treatment of DED as a major component, with a view to informing the clinician's treatment.

Dry eye disease (DED) refers to decreased tear film stability due to abnormal tear quality and quantity or kinetics. The main clinical manifestations are visual fatigue, dryness and foreign body sensation, redness of the eyes, eye pain, photophobia, etc. In severe cases, corneal ulcers and visual impairment may occur. The latest epidemiological studies in 2021 showed a global prevalence of DED is about 11.59%, with the lowest prevalence of 4.6% in North America, similar to that in Europe (13.7%), South America (14.7%), and Oceania (14.9%), and slightly higher in West Asia (29.0%) than in East Asia (19.4%), and the highest in Africa (47.9%). In China, it is about 21.0% to 30.0%. DED accounts for about 30% of the total number of ophthalmology outpatient visits. In addition, the latest meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of DED among young students (29.25%) is relatively high.DED not only affects people's productivity and quality of life, but in severe cases it can affect the healthy . Some studies have shown that patients with DED are more likely to have psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety, which tend to be more severe, and that these symptoms are associated with dry eye symptoms rather than physical signs. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of ophthalmologic examination technology, the continuous exploration by researchers, and the increasing standard of living and the need for quality of life, clinicians are required to master a variety of therapeutic means to provide efficient and high-quality treatment for patients according to different situations. This article provides a review of the treatment of DED as a major component, with a view to informing the clinician's treatment.