Objective: To investigate the effects of estradiol (E2) and testosterone propionate (TP) on apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells. Methods: The rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. H₂O₂ was used to induce apoptosis in cultured lacrimal gland epithelial cells and then treated with E2 and TP respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometer (FCM) and MMP-9 expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. There were four groups: apoptosis control group (AC), estradiol group (E2), testosterone propionate group (TP) and blank control group (BC) respectively. The cells of group AC were administrated with H₂O₂ only, group E2 and group TP with 1×10^_5 mol/L E2 and TP respectively and group BC in treated. Statistical analysis were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA test)using SPSS 16.0, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared with group BC, the early cells apoptosis rate and integrated optical density of MMP-9 expression of lacrimal gland in group AC, E2 and TP increased significantly after the cells were induced by H₂O₂; Compared with group AC, group E2 and TP reduced; group E2 were significantly lower than group TP; the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: E2 and TP had a certain inhibitory effect on rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. Meanwhile, MMP-9 expression of the lacrimal gland cells was decreased. These results indicated that E2 and TP on the apoptosis inhibitory mechanism of lacrimal gland cells may be related with MMP-9. 

A case of primary canaliculitis complicated by supernumerary puncta and canaliculi and congenital lacrimal fistula is presented. Microbiolgoical analysis identified Aggregatibacter segnis and Serratia marcescens as the causative organisms. The non-surgical management is sufficient to achieve favorable outcomes.

A case of primary canaliculitis complicated by supernumerary puncta and canaliculi and congenital lacrimal fistula is presented. Microbiolgoical analysis identified Aggregatibacter segnis and Serratia marcescens as the causative organisms. The non-surgical management is sufficient to achieve favorable outcomes.

The ocular surface is a delicate and complex system, comprising structures such as the cornea, tear film, and conjunctiva. These structures not only protect the eye but also play a critical role in visual function. The maintenance of the ocular surface microenvironment is essential for eye health, and any imbalance in this microenvironment can lead to various eye diseases, such as dry eye and keratitis. Therefore, this article reviews the ocular surface microenvironment and its regulatory mechanisms, which are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases

The ocular surface is a delicate and complex system, comprising structures such as the cornea, tear film, and conjunctiva. These structures not only protect the eye but also play a critical role in visual function. The maintenance of the ocular surface microenvironment is essential for eye health, and any imbalance in this microenvironment can lead to various eye diseases, such as dry eye and keratitis. Therefore, this article reviews the ocular surface microenvironment and its regulatory mechanisms, which are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases

Objective: dome-shaped macula (DSM) may be associated with multiple complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the course of DSM with subretinal fluid (SRF). Methods: twenty-five eyes with SRF in DSM were examined by color fundus photography, Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 91 months (mean 16.83 months) . The course of DSM with SRF was observed and analyzed. Results: the visual acuity of all eyes remained stable during the following. IN 25 eyes with DSM and SRD, 23 eyes did not receive any treatment and 2 eyes were treated with fundus laser. In the untreated eyes, subretinal fluid fluctuated in 12 eyes, did not change in 7 eyes, and completely disappeared in 4 eyes. After laser treatment, the fluid of one eye decreased slightly, and one eye did not change significantly. Conclusion: the patients with SRF in DSM may have the alternation of active and inactive stages of fluid accumulation, which has little effect on visual acuity. Some treatments such as fundus laser are ineffective in restoring visual acuity.

Phacolyic glaucoma is a secondary open-angle glaucoma caused by the excessive release of high molecular weight soluble lens proteins from overripe or mature cataracts, which block the outflow channels of trabecular meshwork aqueous humor. We have recently encountered a case and now report it as follows.

Objective: dome-shaped macula (DSM) may be associated with multiple complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the course of DSM with subretinal fluid (SRF). Methods: twenty-five eyes with SRF in DSM were examined by color fundus photography, Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 91 months (mean 16.83 months) . The course of DSM with SRF was observed and analyzed. Results: the visual acuity of all eyes remained stable during the following. IN 25 eyes with DSM and SRD, 23 eyes did not receive any treatment and 2 eyes were treated with fundus laser. In the untreated eyes, subretinal fluid fluctuated in 12 eyes, did not change in 7 eyes, and completely disappeared in 4 eyes. After laser treatment, the fluid of one eye decreased slightly, and one eye did not change significantly. Conclusion: the patients with SRF in DSM may have the alternation of active and inactive stages of fluid accumulation, which has little effect on visual acuity. Some treatments such as fundus laser are ineffective in restoring visual acuity.

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