Meibomian gland dysfunction is a chronic diffuse meibomian gland disease caused by multiple factors. Its main pathological features include obstruction of the meibomian gland terminal ducts, atrophy of acini, and abnormal secretion of eyelid esters in terms of quality and/or quantity. It can lead to imbalance of the ocular microenvironment, discomfort in the eyes, and visual dysfunction. Intense pulsed light (IPL), as an effective physical therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction, is increasingly being used to treat meibomian gland dysfunction, as well as diseases such as meibomian associated keratoconjunctivitis, demodex meibomian inflammation, and recurrent meibomian gland cysts that can lead to meibomian gland dysfunction. In the clinical application of IPL, standardized procedures are key to ensuring the effectiveness and safety of treatment. In order to better guide and standardize the IPL treatment operation of clinical ophthalmic medical workers, led by the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, and jointly revised with 18 medical institutions across the country, the group standard " Operation Procedure of Intense Pulsed Light for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction" was released on the National Group Standard Information Platform on December 17, 2023. This article aims to provide an in-depth interpretation of the group's standards, detailing the key points, difficulties, and operational details of specific operations, in order to better guide clinical work.

The ocular surface is an integrated entity maintained in equilibrium by a complex interplay of factors including tear, cellular components, neural mechanisms, and immunological processes. Disruption of one or multiple factors can precipitate a cascade of reactions on the ocular surface, leading to ocular surface diseases and consequently affecting an individual's quality of life. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship between cellular energy metabolism and the occurrence, development, and treatment of various diseases.Correcting the abnormality of cellular energy metabolism is an important idea to treat such diseases.Dproteinized calf blood extract ophthalmic preparation has a history of over sixty years since its discovery and application, demonstrating excellent tissue repair properties and safety.As a classic energy-replenishing and repairing agent, dproteinized calf blood extract ophthalmic preparation uses a specific process to treat dproteinized calf blood extract as its main active ingredient. It has multiple mechanisms of action and has shown good results in the treatment of various ocular surface diseases, including corneal injuries of varying severity, dry eye syndrome, and ocular burns.This article reviews the preparation process, mechanism of action, and clinical applications of deproteinized calf blood extract ophthalmic preparation, aiming to systematically summarize the clinical application value of deproteinized calf blood extract ophthalmic preparation and provide scientific evidence and reference value for future experimental research and further practical applications in ocular surface diseases.

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in China, with phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation being the primary treatment method. The IOLs used in clinical practice can be broadly categorized into monofocal IOLs and multifocal IOLs. Among these, various IOLs such as multifocal IOLs, extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOLs, and astigmatism-correcting (Toric) IOLs are collectively referred to as functional IOLs. With advancements in refractive cataract surgery and shifts in modern lifestyle and work styles, traditional monofocal IOLs increasingly fail to meet patients' demands for a broader visual range. Consequently, the use of functional IOLs is becoming increasingly prevalent. EDOF IOLs represent a category of IOLs that exhibit different characteristics based on distinct design principles; however, their fundamental principle involves extending a single focal point into a focal line, thereby broadening the visual range. EDOF IOLs not only significantly enhance patients' distance visual acuity but also provide satisfactory intermediate visual acuity while improving the rate of spectacle independence. Compared to multifocal IOLs, EDOF IOLs are associated with a lower likelihood of glare and halos, thereby offering superior visual quality. This article will review the various EDOF IOLs commonly employed in clinical practice, their postoperative outcomes, and the diverse factors influencing these outcomes

【Abstract】Objective To?explore?the effects of naked-eye 3D vision training on the unaided corrected visual acuity and refractive parameters of adolescents. Methods:In this prospective clinical study, 126 primary school students were randomly divided into control group and visual training group, with 63 cases in each group.From early January 2024 to early May 2024,The control group to standard optometry glasses and behavioral cognitive intervention,while the visual training group in the optometry glasses and cognitive behavior intervention on the basis of naked eye 3D visual training, four months after comparing two groups of children's unaided corrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, spherical equivalent, axial length, and the two groups of children's vision and refractive parameter changes were analyzed. Results:In the control group, the unaided corrected visual acuity was significantly lower than that after four months, while the visual training group was significantly higher than that before the training, and the unaided corrected visual acuity was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).During the four month period,the control group of spherical Equivalent was higher than before,while the visual training group of spherical Equivalent was lower than before,and significant differences are observed for the comparison between the two groups,so the differences are statistically (p<0.05). Conclusion:The study concludes that short-term naked eye 3D visual training can significantly improve the naked eye vision and refractive state of teenagers, and delay the progress of myopia, which is worthy of further application in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of gastrodin in adjuvant therapy for patients with Acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH). Methods A total of 90 ACH patients admitted to Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2020-March 2024 were divided into control group and treatment group, 45 cases in each group. The control group was given mannitol, 3 times a day, intravenous drip, and potassium chloride sustained-release tablets, 3 times a day, orally, at the same time, prevention of infection and reduction of intracranial pressure and other treatments. On the basis of the control group, the treatment group was given gastrodin injection, once a day, intravenous drip. Both groups were treated for 14 days. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofunctional factor (S100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α,hs-CRP level , efficacy evaluation and adverse drug reactions before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the NIHSS scores of control group and treatment group were 16.04±2.23 and 12.27±1.36, respectively. The NSE levels were 15.19±1.34 and 11.88±1.26(mg·L-1), respectively. The levels of S100B were 14.00±1.60 and 11.29±1.37(ng· ml-1), respectively. The levels of GFAP were 4.68±0.58 and 3.69±0.31(pg· ml-1), respectively. IL-6 level were 101.24±15.64 and 76.75±13.22 (pg·L-1), respectively. TNF-α level were 248.63±32.60 and 132.82±25.37(pg·ml-1), respectively. hs-CRP level were 15.27±1.40 and 12.14±1.20(mg·L-1), respectively. The total effective rate were 88.89 and 100.00 (%), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the treatment group and the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in side effects between the two groups (11.11% vs. 8.89%) (P>0.05).Conclusion For patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrodin assisted conventional drugs treatment can improve the neurological function index and inflammatory response, improve the efficacy, and is safe and reliable.

Bloody tears refers to the symptoms of blooding tears flowing from the eye due to various reasons. Its etiology and clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, often involving multiple disciplines and specialties. In order to provide clinicians with a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of bloody tears, Lacrimal Diseases Professional Committee of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and Lacrimal Diseases Group of Ophthalmic Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Integrated Medicine organized relevant experts to establish this consensus based on clinical practice after serious discussion, and put forward guiding opinions on the etiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment process of bloody tears.

Acute Exudative Polymorphous Vitelliform Maculopathy (AEPVM) is a clinically rare fundus disease characterized primarily by neurosensory detachment in the macular area and accumulation of vitelliform material in the posterior pole. The exact cause is unclear and may be related to systemic infections, autoimmune responses, or paraneoplastic syndromes. Clinical manifestations usually include mild vision loss or photophobia, and yellow-white deposits can be seen in the posterior pole of the fundus, exhibiting relatively higher autofluorescence in spontaneous fluorescence. Fundus fluorescein angiography typically does not show leakage of fluorescein in the lesion area. Optical coherence tomography （OCT）examination can reveal thickening of the ellipsoid zone and cystic changes within the neurosensory layer. Currently, there is no explicit treatment plan. This article reviews the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment-related research progre

青光眼是一组以病理性眼压升高为主要危险因素的，以青光眼性神经萎缩和视野缺损为主要特征的全球首位不可逆性致盲眼病。超声睫状体成形术(UCP)是一种新型非侵入性青光眼治疗技术，其降眼压主要原理为利用高强度聚焦超声破坏睫状突上皮细胞以减少房水生成，并增加葡萄膜巩膜通道的房水流出。UCP适应证广泛，早期主要用于各类难治性青光眼患者，特别是晚期及绝对期患者，研究者发现其除降眼压外，还能够显著缓解该类患者的局部疼痛。近年来，UCP在未经手术治疗的青光眼患者和早、中期青光眼病例中，也表现出了良好的降眼压效果，同时显示出较少的并发症和较轻的术后反应，并可重复治疗。然而不同类型青光眼UCP疗效存在一定差异，且为达最佳治疗效果，其治疗需匹配恰当的探头型号以及适当的治疗扇区。现有较广泛应用于国外的基于眼轴和白到白参数的公式计算方法，测算精度并不适用于国人，然而精准度更高的模型法，其便捷性仍有待进一步提高。UCP虽可减少降眼压药物用量，但术后用药策略的调整仍可能导致眼压波动。综上，针对UCP手术的适应证选择、手术参数设计、疗效预判以及术后管理策略等，仍有待开展相关临床研究，以期为其临床应用提供更加可靠的依据。

Objective The application of 17g copy paper in paraffin preparation is introduced through the experience of treating hundreds of microtissue submitted for clinical examination.Methods In view of the characteristics of small size, broken quality and easy to lose, 17 grams of copy paper was used to make fine sections.Results After wrapping, dewatering, embedding and staining with 17 grams of copy paper, no omissions or losses were found. Under the microscope, the tissue structure and cell morphology were clear under the conventional HE staining microscope.Conclusions Using 17g copy paper as tissue wrapping paper not only solves the problem of submitting micro tissue for pathological biopsy, but also can be applied in many scientific research work, and is worth popularizing and applying.

With the rapid development of the imaging technology of choroid, more and more new information is provided to clinicians and researchers, which helped us understand the role of the choroid in many ocular diseases, and offered more options for diagnosing and monitoring choroidal retinal diseases. This review summarises the application of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in common choroid-related diseases and the progress of research in these diseases in recent years. It is presented in three sections: enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and ultra-widefield (UWF) SS-OCT equipment.