在眼科住院医师规范化培训中，医学人文素质的培养对医患沟通能力与职业素养的塑造具有重要价值。医学人文不仅关乎医生的执业能力，更直接影响医疗服务的质量与患者满意度。文章分析了当前眼科住培医师人文素养教育现状及其重要性。在此基础上，提出了培养住培医师的人文素质的方法和途径：1）通过入培前的人文素养专题培训，强化住培医师的医患沟通意识，使其在进入临床实践前就树立正确的人文理念；2）借助医院服务中心的实践活动，让住培医师亲身参与患者服务，从而培养他们的同理心，更好地理解患者的需求与感受；3）开展医学人文读书活动，引导住培医师阅读经典人文著作，深化他们的人文情怀，提升职业素养；4）组织科室人文析议会，针对临床实践中常见的伦理困境进行研讨，帮助住培医师学会在复杂情境中做出合理决策；5）实施思政与医学人文融合的实践，拓展住培医师的人文视野，使其在专业技能提升的同时，不忘人文初心。该文旨在为眼科住培医师的人文素质培养提供理论支持和实践指导。通过这些方法的实施，期望培养出更多具备高人文素养的眼科医疗专业人才。

Strengthening medical humanities education is of vital significance in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents, as it contributes to enhancing their doctor-patient communication skills and professional ethics. This paper examines the current situation and significance of humanities education for ophthalmology residents. On this basis, the paper suggests five concrete methods and approaches for fostering residents' humanistic qualities, such as: (1) strengthening doctor-patient communication awareness through pre-training humanities courses to establish a proper humanistic mindset before clinical practice; (2) developing empathy by participating in hospital service center activities through hands-on patient service experiences; (3) deepening humanistic sentiment and enhancing professional ethics through medical humanities reading activities featuring classical works; (4) discussing clinical ethical dilemmas via departmental humanities analysis meetings to help residents develop decision-making skills in complex scenarios; (5) expanding humanistic horizons through the integration of ideological and political education with medical humanities practice, ensuring professional skill development aligns with humanistic principles. This paper aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for the humanities education of ophthalmology residents, with the objective of cultivating more ophthalmology professionals with both clinical excellence and high humanistic caliber.

目的：结合医院小儿眼科常见病种调研国内儿童眼用制剂药物临床试验开展现状，为儿童眼用制剂药物临床试验的发展提供参考。方法：基于国家药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台和医院信息系统，结合郑州市第二人民医院儿童眼科病种，分析儿童眼科药物临床试验开展情况。 结果：医院门诊就诊患者以屈光不正最多（占68.49% ），其次是结膜炎（占11.25%），再次是斜视（占8.60%）。平台共检索到相关临床试验165项，儿科专用药物临床试验25项，其中延缓青少年近视方面试验24个，小儿结膜炎试验1个，其他病种药物临床试验检测结果为0；药物临床试验中以I期和Ⅲ期临床试验为主；延缓青少年近视方面试验已完成试验8项，其他都在进行中。结论：儿童眼科疾病的药物治疗尚有巨大的临床需求未满足，直接关系到了儿童健康权益保障与生命安全维护。当前国内儿童眼用制剂研发呈现企业参与度低、创新动力不足的现状，其核心制约因素在于项目少、难度大、涉及更多的伦理问题。建议通过政产学研协同创新，系统性推进儿童眼用制剂的研发进展，切实解决我国儿童眼病治疗用药难的问题，为儿童视觉健康提供有力保障。

Objective：Combined with the common diseases of pediatric ophthalmology in our hospital, the current situation of clinical trials of ophthalmic preparations for children in China was investigated to provide reference for the development of clinical trials of ophthalmic preparations for children in China. Methods：Based on the national drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform and hospital information system, combined with the pediatric ophthalmic diseases in our hospital, the development of pediatric ophthalmic drug clinical trials was analyzed. Results：Among the outpatients in our hospital, ametropia was the most common ( 68.49 % ), followed by conjunctivitis ( 11.25 % ) and strabismus ( 8.60 % ). A total of 165 clinical trials and 25 clinical trials of pediatric drugs were retrieved from the platform, including 24 trials on delaying juvenile myopia, 1 trial on pediatric conjunctivitis, and 0 clinical trial on other diseases. Drug clinical trials were mainly phase I and phase III clinical trials. Eight trials have been completed to delay juvenile myopia, and others are in progress. Conclusions：There is still a huge clinical demand for the drug treatment of children 's eye diseases, which is directly related to the protection of children 's health rights and life safety. At present, the research and development of children 's ophthalmic preparations in China presents the current situation of low enterprise participation and insufficient innovation motivation. The core constraints are fewer projects, greater difficulty, and more ethical issues. It is suggested to systematically promote the research and development of ophthalmic preparations for children through the collaborative innovation of government, industry, university and research, so as to effectively solve the problem of difficult medication for children 's eye diseases in China and provide a strong guarantee for children 's visual health.

近年来，热疗因其操作简便和显著疗效，在干眼及相关眼病治疗中受到关注。热疗通过加热睑板腺区域，软化睑脂，改善睑板腺导管通畅，广泛应用于睑板腺囊肿、睑腺炎、睑缘炎及睑板腺功能障碍等眼病。此外，热疗还有效缓解视疲劳和干眼不适，促进眼部创口愈合，减少感染风险。在中国古代，《黄帝内经》及《韩非子》早期记载了热疗技术的应用。西汉《淮南子》提到烧灼法用于眼病，东晋葛洪的《肘后备急方》描述了热敷治疗眼部不适的方法。隋唐时期的《备急千金要方》和《外台秘要》详细介绍了热疗的应用，宋代《圣济总录》和《龙树菩萨眼论》进一步精细化了热疗技术。明清时期的《普济方》和《目经大成》中记载了热疗的新进展。由此，古代热疗在眼科应用中积累了丰富的经验，尽管现代医学技术不断进步，但这些传统方法仍具有重要参考价值。

In recent years, heat therapy has gained attention for its simplicity and significant efficacy in treating dry eye and related ocular conditions. By heating the meibomian gland area, heat therapy softens meibomian secretions and improves gland duct patency, making it widely used for chalazion, hordeolum, blepharitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction. Additionally, it effectively alleviates visual fatigue and dry eye discomfort, promotes ocular healing, and reduces the risk of infection.In ancient China, the application of heat therapy was recorded early in texts such as the Huangdi Neijing and Han Feizi. The Huainanzi from the Western Han Dynasty mentions the use of cautery for eye diseases, while Zhouhou Beiji Fang by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty describes methods for treating eye discomfort with hot compresses. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Beiji Qianjin Yaofang and Wai Tai Mi Yao provided detailed accounts of heat therapy applications. The Song Dynasty works *Shengji Zonglu* and Longshu Bodhisattva's Eye Treatise further refined the techniques. The Ming and Qing dynasties’ texts Pujifang and Mujing Dacheng documented new advancements in heat therapy.In summary, ancient heat therapy for ophthalmology accumulated substantial experience. Despite advances in modern medical technology, these traditional methods still hold significant reference value.

患者，男性，1岁9个月。以“发现右眼上、下眼睑肿物25 d”首诊于眼科，要求切除，但经影像学及病理学检查，诊断为多发性朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症，且全身骨骼多处出现溶骨性改变，不符合切除指征。给予多次全身化学治疗后眼部肿物明显变小。该例诊治提醒眼科医生，眼部肿物可由全身系统性疾病引起，不可盲目切除，必要时做进一步检查。术中切除物均建议行病理活组织检查，以免延误治疗。

patient, male, 1year and 9months old, was first diagnosed as “eye tumor” in the ophthalmology department and requested for excision. But it was diagnosed as multiple Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) through imaging and pathological examination ultimately.Bone lytic changes appeared in many parts of the whole body, which did not meet the indication of excision.The tumor was smaller after systemic chemotherapy. The diagnosis and treatment of this case suggests ophthalmologists that eye tumors can be caused by caused by systemic diseases, systemic diseases. During operation, it is recommended to perform pathological biopsy to avoid treatment delay.

目的：评价并汇总眼科成人日间手术患者病区护理管理的最佳证据，提高临床护理质量。方法：检索国内外数据库建库至2022年6月的日间手术患者病区护理管理的相关证据，包括系统评价、临床决策、证据总结、指南及专家共识。由2名研究人员独立对文献进行质量评价后，根据主题对证据进行提取和汇总。结果：根据纳入标准，共筛选出13篇文献，包括5篇专家共识、3篇证据总结、1篇循证实践、2篇系统评价、1篇指南。通过文献阅读、证据提取和归类，从日间手术护士准入资质、制定临床护理路径、院前管理、病历标准化、手术当日术前管理、术后管理、出院评估、康复及随访指导8个方面形成17条最佳证据。结论：该项目总结了眼科成人日间手术患者病区护理管理的最佳证据，可为护理管理者制定眼科日间手术病区流程方案、实践标准提供循证依据。

Objective: To evaluate and summarize the evidences of nursing management of ophthalmic postoperative adult patients intra-day ward, and improve the quality of clinical nursing. Methods: The related databases were searched from the  establishment to June 2022. The searching contents include systematic review, clinical decision-making, evidence  summary, guidelines and expert consensus on nursing management in postoperative patients intra-day wards at home  and aboard. Based on the theme, the evidences were extracted and summarized after independent literature quality  evaluation was conducted by 2 researchers. Results: Base on the inclusion criteria, a total of 13 pieces of literature were  selected, including 5 expert consensus, 3 evidence summaries, 1 evidence-based practice, 2 systematic reviews and 1  guideline. Through literature review, evidence extraction and classification, a total of 17 pieces of evidence on 8 aspects  were summarized, including admission qualifications for daytime surgical nurses, development of clinical nursing path,  pre-hospital management, medical record standardization, preoperative management on the day of surgery, postoperative  management, discharge assessment, rehabilitation and follow-up guidance. Conclusion: This article summarized the  best evidence of nursing management for ophthalmic adult day surgery patients in intra-day ward,to provide scientific  evidences for nursing managers to develop ophthalmic intra-day ward guidelines and practical standards.

眼睛由屈光系统和视觉神经系统两大部分构成，是人体最重要的感觉器官之一。眼部各组织的发育或功能异常都可能造成不同程度的视力损害。目前主要通过动物实验或体外细胞培养的方法探究眼病的病理生理机制和治疗手段，但上述两种方法都存在一定的局限性。体外细胞培养不能完全反映器官的形态、结构和生化特征，而动物模型的物种和遗传背景具有异质性。近年来，随着原代组织、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞衍生的体外三维结构类器官和器官微流控芯片技术的不断发展，构建出了与在体器官的结构、功能更为相似的器官克隆模型，能够提供更敏感、定量、规模化的表型分析，更好地应用于眼的发育、生理结构、疾病机制、个性化医学诊断和治疗方法等方面的研究。目前，眼科的微流控器官芯片与类器官技术在角膜、晶状体、泪腺、视网膜结构发育和疾病模型均展现出巨大的应用潜力。

The eye is composed of refractive system and visual nervous system. It is one of the most important sensory organs of the human body. The abnormal development or function of eye tissues may cause various degrees of visual impairment. At present, the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of eye diseases are mainly explored through animal experiments and in-vitro cell culture. However, they are of certain limitations. The in-vitro cell culture cannot fully reflect the morphological, structural and biochemical characteristics of organs, whereas the animal models are heterogeneous of species and genetic background. In recent years, with the continuous development of in-vitro three-dimensional structure organoids and organ microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology derived from primary tissues, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, organ cloning models more similar to in vivo organs in terms of the structure and function have been constructed. These models can provide more sensitive, quantitative and large-scale phenotypic analysis, and can be better applied to the research of eye development, physiological structure, disease mechanism, personalized medical diagnosis and treatment. At present, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip and organoids technologies have shown great application potential in the structural development and disease models’ construction of cornea, lens, lacrimal gland and retina.

目的：探讨督导式教学门诊在眼科住院医师规范化培训中的具体实践和教学效果。方法：通过合理排班、限制号源等措施设立每周固定的督导式教学门诊时间，安排老师和学员出诊；在教学门诊开展4个月后，通过问卷调查和临床技能考核的形式采集反馈意见并评估教学效果。 结果：共有16名老师和8名学员参加了督导式教学门诊，调查问卷结果显示100%的带教老师和学员认可该教学模式，参加过教学门诊的学员临床技能考核得分显著高于对照组(t =3.631， P<0.05)。结论：督导式教学门诊应用于眼科住院医师规范化培训具有实际可行性，并可以提高学员的临床技能水平。

Objective: To explore the application and effects of supervised teaching clinic in standardized training of ophthalmology residents. Methods: A weekly supervised teaching clinic was set through reasonable scheduling and limiting the registration numbers. After 4 months of application, feedbacks were collected through questionnaire survey from both the teachers and residents. Clinical skills assessments were also taken to evaluate the teaching effect. Results: A total of 16 teachers and 8 residents participated in the supervised teaching clinic. The results of the questionnaire showed that 100% of the teachers and residents agreed with the teaching mode. The clinical skill assessment scores of the residents who participated in the teaching clinic were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=3.631, P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of supervised teaching clinic in standardized training of ophthalmology residents is feasible and can improve the clinical skills of the residents. 

当下，我国眼科的发展存在失衡现象，大城市与农村及偏远地区在眼科相关诊疗设施水平、诊疗技术等方面存在巨大差异，仍需探寻新的智能诊疗模式以解决失衡问题。由于眼球是唯一可以直接观察人体血管和神经的器官，眼部可反映其他脏器的健康状态，部分眼科检查的医学图像可对眼部疾病做出诊断等特点，眼科开展人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)具有独到的优势。此外，人工智能可在一定程度上提高跨时间空间传递信息的精准度及效率。人工智能在眼科及远程信息传递的优势为解决眼科发展失衡状况提供了助力。本文从眼科人工智能在眼科远程医疗相关应用的角度，主要分析并总结当下我国人工智能在眼科相关疾病远程医疗中的发展程度、所具优势以及存在问题，并讨论眼科人工智能在远程医疗的应用展望。

At present, there is an imbalance in the development of ophthalmology in China. There are huge differences in the level of ophthalmology related facilities, diagnosis and treatment technologies between big cities and rural, remote areas. New intelligent diagnosis and treatment models are still needed to solve the imbalance. Since the eye is the only organ that can directly observe the blood vessels and nerves of the human body, the eye can reflect the health status of other organs and diagnosis of eye diseases based on medical images of some ophthalmic examinations can be made as well as other characteristics. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has unique advantages. In addition, artificial intelligence can improve the accuracy and efficiency of information transmission across time and space to a certain extent. The advantages of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and telematics are helping to solve the imbalance in ophthalmology development. From the perspective of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the development degree, advantages and existing problems of artificial intelligence in the telemedicine of ophthalmic diseases in China, and discusses the prospect of the application of ophthalmic artificial intelligence in telemedicine.

抗菌药物临床应用的分级管理是抗菌药物管理的核心策略。眼局部应用抗菌药物是感染性眼病最常用的治疗方式，但目前尚未有针对眼局部应用的抗菌药物分级管理规定。为规范眼局部抗菌药物的管理，进一步落实抗菌药物临床应用分级管理制度，促进抗菌药物临床合理使用，有效遏制细菌耐药，保障医疗质量和医疗安全，广东省药学会眼科药学专家委员会组织相关专家以各省抗菌药物分级管理规定为基础，经过认真讨论建立本共识，将眼科应用的眼局部抗菌药物进行分级管理，供相关医疗机构参考。

The graded management of antibacterial drugs is a core strategy within the framework of Antibacterial stewardship. The topical ocular application of antibacterial drugs represents the most prevalent treatment approach for infectious eye diseases. However, at present, there are no specific regulations governing the graded management of antibacterial drugs administered via topical ocular routes. To standardize the management of topical ocular antibacterial drugs, further enforce the graded management system for the clinical use of antibacterial drugs, encourage the rational clinical application of these drugs, effectively curb bacterial resistance, and ensure both medical quality and safety, the Ophthalmology Pharmacy Expert Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Pharmacists Association Pharmaceutical Association organized relevant experts to establish this consensus based on existing provincial regulations for the graded management of antibacterial drugs after rigorous discussions. This consensus sets forth a standard graded management framework for topical ocular antibacterial drugs in ophthalmology.

脂质运载蛋白2（LCN2/NGAL）是一种多效性分泌糖蛋白，通过调控铁代谢、炎症反应及细胞死亡（铁死亡、凋亡）等机制，广泛参与眼科疾病的病理进程。生理状态下，LCN2在角膜上皮、视网膜神经节细胞层等部位低表达；病理条件下，其表达显著上调且功能呈现高度背景依赖性。在各类眼科疾病（如干眼症、角膜疾病、葡萄膜炎、青光眼、视网膜疾病等）中，既可表现为促炎促凋亡的致病因子，亦能发挥抗炎保护作用。靶向调控LCN2表达或其下游通路可能为眼科疾病治疗提供新策略。

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2/NGAL) is a multifunctional secretory glycoprotein that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases by regulating iron metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell death pathways (ferroptosis, apoptosis). Under physiological conditions, LCN2 is expressed at low levels in tissues such as the corneal epithelium and retinal ganglion cell layer. However, its expression is significantly upregulated under pathological conditions, exhibiting highly context-dependent functionality. In major ophthalmic diseases—including dry eye disease, corneal disorders, uveitis, glaucoma, and retinal diseases—LCN2 can act either as a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathogenic factor or as an anti-inflammatory protective agent. Targeted modulation of LCN2 expression or its downstream pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for ocular diseases.